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Artificial Intelligence Literacy

Sources and information about generative artificial intelligence

What is a prompt? What is prompt engineering?

A prompt is the set of instructions or questions provided by the user to the large language model to tell it to perform a task.  A user can ask the system to create an output by using plain language.   The LLM then utilizes its inner algorithms to return results to the user in a natural language response.  The more specific and curated a prompt is, the more tailored the results will be for the user.  

The basic components of an engineered prompt will identify what you want the LLM to do, context for why it is needed, expectations for output formatting and tone, and requesting where the information is coming from.

Prompt Engineering Basics

  • Use plain language and be specific about what you want the LLM tool to do.
  • Provide some background or context for the LLM so that it can produce results specific to your circumstances. 
  • Specify the tone or style you want the results to be generated, i.e. poetry, classical literature 
  • Refine results by asking for variations or specific adjustments to results.  

The CLEAR Framework for AI Prompts

Generative AI resources require users to provide a prompt to start using the resource.  Prompts are the set of instructions provided by the user to the LLM that communicate what you want it to do.  Creating well defined prompts will get you better results when using AI.  The CLEAR Framework, developed by Leo S. Lo, University of New Mexico, can be used in order to develop productive prompts. 

Concise: Use brief and clear language in prompts.  Keep your language concise and explicit. 
Logical:  Use structure and natural progression within your prompt to produce a more natural relationship between concepts.
Explicit: Include specifics about the type of information and amount of output you are requesting.
Adaptive: Experimenting with various prompt formation will help the user reach the output desired. 
Reflective: Continue to evaluate and revise upon prompts for perpetually improvement. 

Read more about the CLEAR framework by Lo, L. S. (2023). The CLEAR path: A framework for enhancing information literacy through prompt engineering. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(4), 102720–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102720

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